Newcastle's local history museum is the Discovery Museum , which will take you through the ages to see how life was at the time of the Romans, during the Middle Ages, in Georgian times or in the 20th century. The city's scientific venue, for children and adults alike, is the Centre for Life , an educational science centre aiming to raise standards in science education for young people. It also has an exhibition space, medical clinics, research laboratories used by Newcastle University.
It combines theatre, cinema and art gallery. It is about 5 minutes walk from Tynemouth railway station. This was the very eastern end of the wall - a strategic location serving as a bastion throughout English history, not just against the Scots, but also against potential invasions from the sea during the Napoleonic Wars and the two World Wars.
An Anglian monastery was founded at Tynemouth in the 7th century, but destroyed by Danish Vikings. The present castle dates from years ago, and became a royal castle under Henry VIII, then a fortress until If you fancy a day to the countryside from Newcastle, you could ride and old steam train.
After all the region is home to the world's first railway, the Stockton and Darlington Railway opened in in nearby County Durham. There are two alternative to choose from. The Tanfield Railway runs on part of a former colliery wooden wagonway intended to transport coal from the hinterland to ships on the River Tyne. The oldest part of the tracks dates from The surviving Sunniside to Causey section is now the world's oldest working railway. It operates preserved steam and diesel industrial tank locomotives on a Stephenson gauge.
The northern terminus is at Sunniside, Gateshead, which makes for easy access from Newcastle. The southern terminus at East Tanfield, County Durham, 3 miles 5 km to the south.
The other possibility is the Bowes Railway , built by George Stephenson in It is the world's only preserved operational standard gauge cable railway system.
It also departs from Gateshead, with destination Blackham's Hill and Springwell village. You can learn more about steam and electric locomotives at the Stephenson Railway Museum. A few miles east of Newcastle is seaside resort town of Whitley Bay. Its golden sand beaches are very popular with people from North East England and Scotland in summer. The main attraction is St.
Newcastle is located on the A1 motorway that runs between London and Edinburgh. Richard Grainger, building, developer and entrepreneur, was without doubt the single most important influence on the development of central Newcastle in the nineteenth century. He changed the appearance, the nature, the commercial heart and the external perception of Newcastle.
His creation of a wholly new stone built classical town centre, using a range of high quality architects including John Dobson, John and Benjamin Green, Thomas Oliver, John Wardle and George Walker within the still predominantly medieval town was one of the architectural achievements of the nineteenth century.
The area, for centuries recognised as the home of coal Coals to Newcastle! In the closing years of the nineteenth century Tyneside was the scene of the invention of the electric light bulb, the application of turbine power to marine engineering with the building of Turbinia and the development of modern electricity generation and supply.
Developments which heralded the enormous and rapid changes in technology, life and society in the twentieth century. Johnson In , The wholesale collapse of the area's industrial base which resulted from the over concentration of activity in the interrelated mining, shipbuilding, armaments and heavy engineering industries in the inter-war years left a legacy with which the region was forced to struggle for decades.
Out of this came a series of innovative initiatives and efforts to modernise both the social and economic structures of the region which have illustrated the spirit of the region. There are over 17, sites on our database, which include monuments, earthworks, cropmarks, historic parks and gardens, battlefields, industrial sites and 20th century defence sites.
We also hold a wide collection of associated historic maps, photographs, archaeological fieldwork reports and reports on historic building recording. If you would like to give us feedback on our website, please complete this short online form. Skip to main content. Home Our city History and heritage.
Affluent suburbs appeared on the outskirts of the city centre, made possible by the advancements in railways and tramways. In contrast to the success of the eighteen and nineteenth centuries, Newcastle and the rest of Tyne and Wear saw a steady decline in heavy industry in the interwar period of the early twentieth century and unemployment grew steadily following the economic depression of the s. However, over the past fifty years heavy industry has given way to a rise in the public and retail sectors and mass regeneration.
Newcastle has transformed itself into a cultural landmark and is now renowned for being the business and social hub of the North East. In contrast to its industrial heritage, the city is also known for its environmental awareness and is even planning to become the first Carbon Neutral town in the UK. Getting here Newcastle is easily accessible by both road and rail, please try our UK Travel Guide for further information.
Roman Sites in Britain Browse our interactive map of Roman Sites in Britain to explore our listing of walls, villas, roads, mines, forts, temples, towns and cities. Museum s View our interactive map of Museums in Britain for details of local galleries and museums.
So did the iron industry. Mechanical engineering also prospered in Newcastle. Electric trams began to run in the streets of Newcastle Upon Tyne in but they were in turn replaced by buses. Laing Art Gallery was built in Shipley Art Gallery opened in The first cinemas in Newcastle opened in King Edward VII railway bridge was built in Hatton Gallery was founded in and the suspension bridge, Tyne Bridge, was erected in John G Joicey Museum opened in Discovery Museum opened as a museum of science and industry in It was renamed in In the s and s, the council built the first council houses in Newcastle.
Many more were built after Shefton Museum opened in The Museum of Antiquities opened in Furthermore, a new Civic Centre was built in In it was given a Civic Trust award. Eldon Square Shopping Centre opened in A new Central Library was built in In the 20th century coal exports declined dramatically. The last coal mine within the boundaries of Newcastle closed in Shipbuilding also dramatically declined. During the s Newcastle suffered from mass unemployment.
However, after , as manufacturing industry contracted new service industries grew. More and more people were employed in public administration, retail and education. Newcastle University was formed in Newcastle Polytechnic was founded in It was made a university in Meanwhile, Newcastle Military Museum was founded in Stephenson Railway Museum opened in In the 21st century, Newcastle is still thriving. In the population of Newcastle Upon Tyne was , Previous post. Next post.
In a new guildhall was built and in the Hospital of the Holy Jesus an almshouse. Newcastle in the 18th Century By the mid 18th century the population of Newcastle had risen to around 20, Newcastle in the 19th Century In , at the time of the first census Newcastle Upon Tyne had a population of 28, Newcastle in the 20th Century Electric trams began to run in the streets of Newcastle Upon Tyne in but they were in turn replaced by buses.
Newcastle in the 21st Century In the 21st century, Newcastle is still thriving.
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