In addition to the questions that you've prepared to ask your doctor, don't hesitate to ask other questions during your appointment. Multiple sclerosis care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version.
This content does not have an Arabic version. Diagnosis Neurological exam Open pop-up dialog box Close. Neurological exam A complete neurological exam and medical history are needed to diagnose MS. Spinal tap lumbar puncture Open pop-up dialog box Close. Spinal tap lumbar puncture During a spinal tap lumbar puncture procedure, you typically lie on your side with your knees drawn up to your chest.
MRI multiple sclerosis lesions Open pop-up dialog box Close. Brain MRI is often used to help diagnose multiple sclerosis. Care at Mayo Clinic Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your multiple sclerosis-related health concerns Start Here. Multiple sclerosis research laboratory at Mayo Clinic. Physical therapy for multiple sclerosis Physical therapy can build muscle strength and ease some of the symptoms of MS. Emerging treatments for multiple sclerosis Estriol as a potential treatment option for multiple sclerosis MS Fingolimod during pregnancy: Is it safe?
Long-term safety of natalizumab for treating multiple sclerosis Show more related information. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. More Information Multiple sclerosis care at Mayo Clinic Exercise and multiple sclerosis Is there a multiple sclerosis diet? Mindfulness practice: Can it reduce symptoms of MS? Vitamin D and MS: Any connection? Vitamins for MS: Do supplements make a difference?
Show more related information. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references What is multiple sclerosis? National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Accessed Dec. Daroff RB, et al. Multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.
In: Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice. Philadelphia, Pa. Ferri FF. Multiple sclerosis. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor Olek MJ. Clinical presentation, course, and prognosis of multiple sclerosis in adults. Wingerchuk DM expert opinion. Ciccarelli O. Multiple sclerosis in New therapies and biomarkers. The Lancet. As the inflammation and damage from multiple sclerosis can interrupt normal nerve transmission in the brain and spinal cord, many symptoms can occur.
Some of these may be transient and some may become permanent. Management of symptoms requires good communication between the patient and the MS provider, persistence, and often the expertise of multiple specialists. The major goals of symptom management are to maintain independent function and improve quality of life. Although medications are available to help with many symptoms, medications may be only part of the answer.
Often, rehabilitation strategies such as physical therapy and occupational therapy are very helpful in improving and maintaining normal function. Consultation with specialists such as urologists, psychiatrists, and pain management specialists may be extremely helpful.
Changes in mobility may require a specialist in orthotics as well as the physical and occupational therapist. A coordinated, comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to MS care is the best approach for the long-term management of multiple sclerosis. For more information about MS treatment options, request an appointment with our doctors. To request an appointment or refer a patient, please contact the Johns Hopkins Multiple Sclerosis Center at Multiple Sclerosis MS Treatments.
Medically reviewed by Dena Westphalen, Pharm. Disease-modifying drugs. Stem cells. Complementary and natural therapy. Treatments for relapses. Treatments for symptoms. Side effects of treatment. The takeaway. What You Need to Know. Myasthenia Gravis vs. Multiple Sclerosis: Similarities and Differences. Read this next.
Medically reviewed by Seunggu Han, M. Medically reviewed by Tiffany Taft, PsyD. Neurological tests. Your doctor may want you to see a specialist. A neurologist can test how well your central nervous system is working. They will look for changes in eye movements, muscle coordination, weakness, balance, sensation, speech, and reflexes. Spinal tap lumbar puncture. A small amount of fluid taken from your spine can show abnormal amounts of blood cells or proteins associated with MS.
A spinal tap can rule out a viral infection or other possible conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging MRI. An MRI can show detailed pictures of the brain and spinal cord, and if there are any lesions, or scars.
Have had at least two relapses, or episodes, that caused damage. Your doctor also must have ruled out all other potential diagnoses. Can multiple sclerosis be prevented or avoided? You cannot prevent or avoid MS since the cause is unknown. Multiple sclerosis treatment There is currently no cure for MS. Medicine People who have mild symptoms may choose not to take medicine due to potential risks and side effects.
Certain medicines can help relieve symptoms and treat short-term problems caused by MS. Bladder problems: tolterodine, oxybutynin. Constipation: stool softener, laxative. Depression: venlafaxine, paroxetine. Pain: phenytoin, gabapentin. Muscle stiffness and spasms: dantrolene, baclofen. Urinary problems: desmopressin, methenamine, phenazopyridine. Erectile dysfunction: tadalafil, alprostadil. Other types of medicine can affect the long-term outcomes of the disease.
Interferons are a group of natural proteins made by human cells. Studies show they can slow down the worsening of symptoms. These medicines are often given as an injection a shot. Interferons may cause serious liver damage. Other side effects include flu-like symptoms and depression. Glatiramer acetates are thought to block the cells that damage myelin. It can lead to fewer relapses and fewer new lesions. The medicine is taken as a shot once a day.
Side effects may include hives or pain at the injection site, heart tremors, and shortness of breath. Two other type of medicine may be used to treat severe or advanced MS. Natalizumab: This is an option for people who have tried other drugs first and not had good results.
It can have serious side effects, and should not be used in combination with other disease-modifying drugs. One known side effect is an increased risk of a fatal brain infection. Mitoxantrone: This is an option for people who have increased relapse and remission periods, progressive MS, or worsened symptoms. Side effects include weakened immune system and an increased risk of blood and heart disease. Therapy Different therapies can be helpful for people who have MS.
Physical Therapy PT can help with walking, strength, balance, posture, fatigue, and pain. PT can include stretching and strengthening exercises, and training to use mobility aids like canes, scooters, or wheelchairs.
Your therapist can help you adapt your exercise routine to accommodate your symptoms and flare-ups. Occupational Therapy OT can improve your level of freedom and safety at home and at work.
Your therapist can show you how to use tools to help in daily tasks. They can also recommend changes to your home or work space to make tasks easier. Your therapist may help you learn how to adapt to activities or hobbies that you enjoy. Speech Therapy can help you better control muscles used for talking and swallowing. Pre-pregnancy planning is important for women. Certain medicines used to treat MS symptoms are not safe for your baby during pregnancy. Your doctor may suggest that you stop taking these medicines before trying to get pregnant.
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