Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. Symptoms Events that can cause osteomyelitis Risk factors Acute osteomyelitis Chronic osteomyelitis Complications Diagnosis methods Treatment methods Long term outlook Where to get help Things to remember. Symptoms The symptoms of osteomyelitis include: Localised bone pain Reduced movement of the affected body part The overlying skin may be red, hot and swollen The overlying skin may contain pus Spasms of associated muscles Unexplained weight loss General malaise High temperature Excessive sweating Chills.
Events that can cause osteomyelitis Bones are infected by blood-borne micro-organisms. Some of the conditions and events that can lead to osteomyelitis include: Bacteria introduced during bone surgery. Bacteria introduced by trauma to bone.
Infection of bone fractures. Infection of prosthetic implants such as an artificial hip joint. Infections elsewhere in the body that reach the bones via the bloodstream. A primary infection of the blood septicaemia. Inadequately controlled diabetes. Poor blood circulation arteriosclerosis. Risk factors for poor blood circulation, which include high blood pressure, cigarette smoking, high blood cholesterol and diabetes.
Immune system deficiency. Prosthetic joints. The use of intravenous drugs. Sickle cell anaemia. Acute osteomyelitis The main categories of acute osteomyelitis include: Haematogenous osteomyelitis - primary infection of the blood or infection from somewhere else in the body is delivered to the bone via the bloodstream. Children are at increased risk. More often, doctors wait until the antibiotic course is finished and the infection has gone away.
If you have diabetes, it will need to be well controlled. If there are problems with blood supply to the infected area, such as the foot, surgery may be needed to improve blood flow in order to get rid of the infection. The outlook is worse for those with long-term chronic osteomyelitis. Symptoms may come and go for years, even with surgery. Amputation may be needed, especially in people with diabetes or poor blood circulation.
Infections of bursae, joints, and bones. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Bone and joint infections. URAC's accreditation program is the first of its kind, requiring compliance with 53 standards of quality and accountability, verified by independent audit. Learn more about A. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.
A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Individuals with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop osteomyelitis. This includes people with sickle cell disease or HIV or those receiving immunosuppressive medications like chemotherapy or steroids.
Osteomyelitis can have a sudden onset, a slow and mild onset or may be a chronic problem, depending on the source of the infection. Symptoms of osteomyelitis vary, depending on the cause and whether it is a rapid or slow onset of infection. The following are the most common symptoms of osteomyelitis; however, each individual may experience symptoms differently:.
The symptoms of osteomyelitis may resemble other medical conditions or problems. Always consult your doctor for a diagnosis.
The provider treating your child will first do a thorough history and physical exam that may indicate signs of osteomyelitis like those listed above. An additional workup generally includes blood tests that look at white blood cells as well as markers for inflammation that are usually elevated during an infection.
A blood culture may also be done to look for organisms in the blood that may be causing the infection. X-rays are taken of the affected area. However, they may be normal in early stages of the infection. Show references Ferri FF. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor Philadelphia, Pa. Accessed Oct. Azar FM, et al. In: Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. Merck Manual Professional Version. Kremers HM, et al. Trends in the epidemiology of osteomyelitis: A population-based study, to The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.
Lalani T. Osteomyelitis in adults: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. Kliegman RM, et al. In: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics.
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